the Zoological Society of London and the Italian Anthropological Society) but, internationally, he is most renowned as a botanist because he brought back a very large amount of plant material from his travels and, based on this material, some hundreds of species new to science were described by him and by other botanists with whom Beccari was in contact. He was nominated as an honorary member of various scientific societies (e.g.
Beccari was a well-rounded naturalist, devoted to various branches of natural sciences (botany, zoology, ethnology, anthropology and physical geography). After his first trip to Borneo in 1865–1868 (Beccari, 1868 Giglioli, 1873), Beccari continued to travel in Africa, southeast Asia and Oceania for a further 10 years, making important observations and collecting many thousands of specimens (Barosi, 2010 Biagioli, 2005 Cuccuini & Nepi, 2006 Giordano, 2020 Innocenti & Nistri, 2008 Van Steenis, 1952). Odoardo Beccari (1843–1920) is considered one of the most important Italian naturalists of the nineteenth century, in particular for his pioneering explorations of the Malaysian Archipelago, from Borneo to western Papua (Barosi, 2010 Pichi Sermolli, 1994 Pichi Sermolli & Van Steenis, 1983).
We expect our study to be useful to botanists, zoologists, anthropologists, curators of natural history museums and to nature conservators, as it provides precious information on the fauna and flora of Sarawak in the 1860s. We place these locations in time sequence on up-to-date georeferenced topographic maps. We link modern locations to the names he used, which were Italian transliteration of the local names of the time. In this study, we accurately reconstruct the travel itineraries of Beccari’s first trip to Borneo (Sarawak, 1865–1868). Based on this conserved material, hundreds of species new to science have been described. During this period, he collected many thousands of botanical, zoological and ethno-anthropological specimens which are now conserved in natural history museums. Odoardo Beccari (1843–1920) is considered to be one of the more important Italian naturalists of the nineteenth century, in particular for his pioneering explorations of the Malaysian Archipelago.
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